上海博物馆玉器馆镇馆之宝 (上海博物馆玉器)

The Shanghai Museum is hometo an exceptional collection of jade artifacts, renowned for their exquisite craftsmanship and historical significance. The Jade Gallery, located on the second floor of the museum, showcases a vast array of these precious treasures, spanning several millennia of Chinese history.

1. Jade Bi Disk (良渚文化玉璧): An Ancient Symbol of Heaven

Among the most captivating pieces in the Jade Gallery is the Jade Bi Disk, a masterpiece of prehistoric jade carving. Dating back to the Liangzhu Culture (c. 3000-2000 BCE), this large and finely polished disk is adorned with intricate concentric circles. In ancient China, bi disks held profound religious significance and were used in rituals to symbolize the heavens and communicate with the gods.

2. Jade Cong (良渚文化玉琮): A Ceremonial Vessel of Power

Another remarkable artifact from the Liangzhu Culture is the Jade Cong. This cylindrical vessel, with its hollow center and elaborate carvings, was used for ceremonial purposes and symbolized the authority of the ruling class. Congs were often buried in the tombs of important individuals and were believed to protect the afterlife journey.

3. Jade Ruyi Scepter (清玉如意): A Symbol of Good Fortune

From the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) comes the magnificent Jade Ruyi Scepter. This elegant and auspicious object, shaped like a cloud or lingzhi mushroom, is a symbol of good fortune, happiness, and prosperity. Ruyi scepters were often used as ceremonial gifts and were highly prized by both the imperial court and the elite.

4. Jadeite Cabbage (翡翠白菜): A Lifelike Masterpiece

One of the most iconic pieces in the Jade Gallery is the Jadeite Cabbage, a lifelike and meticulously carved sculpture from the 20th century. This exquisite artwork, made from a single block of jadeite, depicts a head of cabbage with vivid green leaves and a delicate white worm nestled in its folds. The Jadeite Cabbage is a testament to the exceptional skill of Chinese jade carvers and continues to capture the imagination of visitors worldwide.

5. Jade Dragon Pendant (汉代玉龙佩): A Symbol of Strength and Wisdom

During the Han Dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE), jade was highly valued for its protective qualities. The Jade Dragon Pendant, with its intricate carvings, is a powerful symbol of strength, wisdom, and good fortune. Dragons, mythical creatures renowned for their power and benevolent nature, were often depicted in Chinese art and symbolized the harmony between heaven and earth.

6. Mughal Jade Wine Cup (莫卧儿玉碗): A Gemstone Carved in India

The Jade Gallery also boasts pieces from beyond China's borders, such as the Mughal Jade Wine Cup. Carved in India during the 16th century, this exquisite cup showcases the exceptional craftsmanship of Mughal artisans. The cup's intricate floral and geometric patterns reflect the opulence and grandeur of the Mughal Empire.

7. Pre-Columbian Jade Mask (前哥伦布时期玉面具): A Ritualistic Artifact from Mexico

The Jade Gallery's collection extends beyond Asia to include pre-Columbian jade artifacts. The Pre-Columbian Jade Mask, crafted by the Maya or Aztec civilizations, is a remarkable example of the ritualistic use of jade in ancient Mesoamerica. Jade was considered a sacred stone and was often used in burials and ceremonial practices.

Conclusion

The Shanghai Museum Jade Gallery is a treasure trove of jade artifacts that showcase the diverse artistic traditions and cultural significance of jade throughout history. From ancient ceremonial vessels to exquisite Qing Dynasty scepters, the gallery offers a fascinating journey through the world of this precious gemstone. The masterpieces on display are a testament to the exceptional skill and artistry of jade carvers from around the globe and continue to fascinate and inspire visitors today.